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Published on: 2016-04-04
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Original language: English

Christianity has often understood the death of Jesus on the cross as the sole means for forgiveness of sin. Despite this tradition, David Downs traces the early and sustained presence of yet another means by which Christians imagined atonement for sin: merciful care for the poor. In Alms: Charity, Reward, and Atonement in Early Christianity, Downs begins by considering the economic context of almsgiving in the Greco-Roman world, a context in which the overwhelming reality of poverty cultivated the formation of relationships of reciprocity and solidarity. Downs then provides detailed examinations of almsgiving and the rewards associated with it in the Old Testament, Second Temple Judaism, and the New Testament. He then attends to early Christian texts and authors in which a theology of atoning almsgiving is developed―2 Clement, the Didache, the Epistle of Barnabas, Polycarp, Clement of Alexandria, Origen, and Cyprian. In this historical and theological reconstruction, Downs outlines the emergence of a model for the atonement of sin in Christian literature of the first three centuries of the Common Era, namely, atoning almsgiving, or the notion that providing material assistance to the needy cleanses or covers sin. Downs shows that early Christian advocacy of almsgiving's atoning power is located in an ancient economic context in which fiscal and social relationships were deeply interconnected. Within this context, the concept of atoning almsgiving developed in large part as a result of nascent Christian engagement with scriptural traditions that present care for the poor as having the potential to secure future reward, including heavenly merit and even the cleansing of sin, for those who practice mercy. Downs thus reveals how sin and its solution were socially and ecclesiologically embodied, a vision that frequently contrasted with disregard for the social body, and the bodies of the poor, in Docetic and Gnostic Christianity.Alms, in the end, illuminates the challenge of reading Scripture with the early church, for numerous patristic witnesses held together the conviction that salvation and atonement for sin come through the life, death, and resurrection of Jesus and the affirmation that the practice of mercifully caring for the needy cleanses or covers sin. Perhaps the ancient Christian integration of charity, reward, and atonement has the potential to reshape contemporary Christian traditions in which those spheres are separated. Grace in Christianity - Wikipedia In Western Christian theology grace has been defined not as a created substance of any kind but as "the love and mercy given to us by God because God desires us to ... BibleLessons.com Development of Doctrine . The RCC and Tradition. The RCC teaches that while many (if not most) of its doctrines are not clearly revealed or supported completely in ... The Apocrypha and Why It's Not Scripture Rome versus the Bible Series - 1. The Apocrypha and Why It's Not Scripture. Table of Contents. Introduction; Was the Apocrypha Ever Considered To Be Part of the ... Christianity and Islam compared - 3lotus.com Christianity and Islam compared regarding their teachings on love forgiveness salvation predestination judgment eternal destiny violence Islamic law (Sharia ... What are the Key Differences Between Mormonism and ... Summer 2012. What are the Key Differences Between Mormonism and Christianity? By Sean McDowell Penance and Confession - Christian Resources Penance and Confession. A Biblical and Historical Analysis of the Roman Catholic Doctrine of Penance and Confession. By William Webster Nahjul Balagha "Quotes" of Imam Ali (as) - Shia Crescent 106 Responses to Nahjul Balagha "Quotes" of Imam Ali (as) aman mishta Says: August 7th 2015 at 4:47 am. Excellent to rejuvenate a doomed soul MUHAMMAD AND THE BIBLE - Answering Islam MUHAMMAD AND THE BIBLE. by Silas Two Jewish leaders came to Muhammad and asked if he believed that the Torah they had in their possession was the ... Redemption - Encyclopedia Volume - Catholic Encyclopedia ... II. MODE OF REDEMPTION. The real redeemer is Jesus Christ who according to the Nicene creed "for us men and for our salvation descended from Heaven; and was ... Islam - rituals world body funeral life customs ... Customs and Practices of Muslims Due to the broad cultural diversity in the Muslim world Islam is a quilt of many colors rather than a monolithic faith etched ...
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